Located in the heart of Athens, the Panathenaic Stadium, also known as Kallimarmaro, is one of the most iconic landmarks in Greece. Famed as the world’s only stadium built entirely of marble, this ancient structure is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, sports fans, and travelers eager to explore the roots of the Olympic Games.

The Panathenaic Stadium boasts a rich and storied past that dates back to 330 BC, when it was originally constructed by the Athenian statesman Lycurgus to host the Panathenaic Games—Athens’ most prestigious celebration in honor of the goddess Athena. In 140 AD, the Roman senator Herodes Atticus rebuilt the stadium entirely in white Pentelic marble, giving it the name Kallimarmaro, meaning “beautifully marbled.” At its peak, it could accommodate over 50,000 spectators, serving as a grand venue for athletic competitions and public events. Centuries later, after falling into disuse during the Byzantine era, the stadium experienced a monumental revival in the late 19th century, thanks to Greek benefactor George Averoff. His funding enabled the stadium’s restoration for the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, marking the start of a new global tradition.

The Panathenaic Stadium is a masterpiece of classical architecture. Set in a natural valley between the hills of Ardettos and Ilissos, the stadium stretches approximately 204 meters in length, with symmetrical curved ends—a design that later influenced modern stadium architecture. Its most distinguishing feature remains its construction material: pure white marble sourced from Mount Pentelicus, the same used for the Parthenon. This gives the stadium its ethereal glow, particularly striking at sunrise or sunset.

Today, the Panathenaic Stadium serves as a symbol of Greece’s enduring cultural and athletic legacy. Visitors can walk in the footsteps of ancient athletes, explore exhibits showcasing Olympic memorabilia, and even run on the historic track.

The stadium continues to play a role in modern ceremonies, including:

Hosting concerts and cultural events

Serving as the finishing line for the annual Athens Marathon

Acting as the handover site of the Olympic Flame to host cities

Its powerful blend of history and modern relevance makes it a cornerstone of any Athens sightseeing itinerary.