Mycenae, one of the greatest centers of ancient Greek civilization, dominated the Late Bronze Age (1600–1100 BCE) and gave its name to an entire era: the Mycenaean Civilization. Located in the northeastern Peloponnese, Mycenae was a wealthy and powerful city ruled by legendary kings, including the infamous Agamemnon, commander of the Greek forces in the Trojan War.
This UNESCO World Heritage site is now a major archaeological attraction, offering visitors a glimpse into a sophisticated, warrior-driven society whose myths helped shape Western literature and culture.
Founded around 1600 BCE, Mycenae rose to prominence due to its strategic location on a hilltop overlooking vital trade routes. The city was heavily fortified and housed a ruling elite in grand palaces, while the surrounding plains supported a thriving agricultural economy.
The height of Mycenaean power came between 1400–1200 BCE, with the construction of massive palaces, royal tombs, and cyclopean walls. Its influence extended across the Aegean and into Asia Minor.
After 1200 BCE, Mycenae declined, likely due to a combination of natural disasters, internal strife, and invasions by the mysterious Sea Peoples. By 1100 BCE, the city was abandoned, marking the end of the Mycenaean era.
1. The Lion Gate
The famous entrance to the citadel, featuring two majestic lionesses above the lintel, is one of the earliest and most iconic examples of monumental sculpture in Europe.
2. Grave Circle A
An enclosed royal cemetery where elite Mycenaeans were buried with gold masks, weapons, and jewelry. It was here that Heinrich Schliemann discovered the so-called Mask of Agamemnon.
3. The Palace Complex
Located atop the hill, the ruins of the royal palace reveal intricate architecture, megarons (great halls), and storage rooms that once held oil, wine, and grain.
4. Tholos Tombs (Beehive Tombs)
Don’t miss the Treasury of Atreus and Tomb of Clytemnestra, massive underground tombs with corbelled domes, used for royal burials.
5. The Archaeological Museum of Mycenae
This small but excellent museum showcases finds from the site, including pottery, figurines, tools, weapons, and reconstructions of Mycenaean art.
Mycenae is deeply entwined with Greek mythology. It was ruled by King Agamemnon, who led the Greeks in the Trojan War and was tragically murdered upon his return. His story, along with those of his wife Clytemnestra, son Orestes, and daughter Electra, forms the core of many ancient tragedies.
Homer immortalized Mycenae in the Iliad and Odyssey, cementing its legacy as a legendary stronghold of Greek heroism, drama, and divine intrigue.
